Form 1 · Chapter 8

Angles Related to Parallel Lines and Transversals

When a transversal cuts parallel lines, corresponding and alternate angles are equal, and interior angles add to 180°.

Parallel lines and a transversal

Parallel lines never meet and stay the same distance apart. A transversal is a line that crosses two (or more) parallel lines. This creates special pairs of equal angles.

The three angle rules

Key idea / 要点

Corresponding angles are equal (they sit in matching positions, like an F shape). Alternate angles are equal (they sit inside, on opposite sides, like a Z shape). Interior angles on the same side add up to 180° (like a C shape).

  • Corresponding angles: same corner at each crossing — equal.
  • Alternate angles: between the parallel lines, opposite sides of the transversal — equal.
  • Co-interior (allied) angles: between the parallel lines, same side — add to 180°.

Using the rules

Worked example / 例题

A transversal cuts two parallel lines. One angle is 116°. Find the corresponding angle, the co-interior angle and an alternate angle.

Corresponding angle = 116° (equal).

Co-interior angle = 180° − 116° = 64°.

Alternate angle to that 64° angle = 64°.

Check: the two co-interior angles 116° + 64° = 180°. Correct.

Remember / 记住

  • Corresponding (F) and alternate (Z) angles are EQUAL.
  • Co-interior (C) angles ADD to 180°.
  • These rules only work when the lines are parallel.

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