Different views of civilisation
Thinkers from many cultures have tried to explain what a civilisation is. Although they use different words, they agree that a civilisation is a high stage of human life built on knowledge, order and good values.
Western views
The English historian Gordon Childe said that a civilisation appears when people build cities. He listed features such as writing, trade, laws and large buildings. Another view is that civilisation means the growth of culture, art and science over time.
Islamic views
The famous Muslim scholar Ibn Khaldun (born 1332 CE) explained civilisation using the idea of umran, which means a developed and populated society. He said people naturally group together, and as their society grows it becomes more organised and refined. Another scholar, Syed Naquib al-Attas, stressed that a true civilisation is guided by good moral values and religion, not only by tall buildings or wealth.
Remember
- Gordon Childe — civilisation begins with cities and writing
- Ibn Khaldun — used the idea of umran (a developed society)
- Syed Naquib al-Attas — a civilisation must have good moral values
So the concept of civilisation is not only about grand buildings. It also includes knowledge, law, culture and, most importantly, good values that help people live well together.