Form 1 · Chapter 5

Comparing the Contributions of Early Civilisations

Compare the great gifts each early civilisation gave the world, from writing and pyramids to city planning and the calendar.

Great gifts to the world

Each of the four early civilisations gave the world special contributions that we still remember today. By comparing them, we can see how each one helped human progress in its own way.

CivilisationFamous contribution
MesopotamiaCuneiform writing, the wheel, early laws
EgyptHieroglyphics, pyramids, a solar calendar
Indus ValleyWell-planned cities with drains and brick houses
Huang HeEarly Chinese writing, silk, bronze work

What they had in common

Although each civilisation was different, they shared some great achievements. All four developed a form of writing, built cities, and created laws or rules. The Mesopotamians are famous for cuneiform and the wheel. The Egyptians gave us hieroglyphics and mighty pyramids. The Indus Valley people built the tidiest cities of the ancient world. The Huang He civilisation gave China its early writing, silk and skilled bronze work.

Key idea

Every early civilisation gave the world lasting contributions: Mesopotamia (cuneiform, the wheel), Egypt (pyramids, calendar), the Indus Valley (city planning) and Huang He (early Chinese writing, silk).

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