Chapter 6

Acids and Alkalis

The pH scale, indicators, and neutralisation of acids and alkalis — with an interactive exercise.

Acids and alkalis are two kinds of chemical, measured on the pH scale from 0 to 14.

pH less than 7 is acidic; pH 7 is neutral (like pure water); pH greater than 7 is alkaline. Indicators such as litmus show which is which: acids turn litmus red, alkalis turn it blue. An acid and an alkali react in neutralisation.

Remember

  • pH < 7 acid · pH 7 neutral · pH > 7 alkali.
  • Acid + alkali → neutralisation.

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