Form 3 · Chapter 3

Credit and Debt Management

Work out hire-purchase totals, interest charged and credit-card charges, and compare the true cost of buying on credit.

Buying now, paying later

Credit lets you use goods or money now and pay later, which creates a debt. Common examples are hire purchase, personal loans and credit cards. Credit is convenient, but it usually costs extra in interest, so managing debt well matters.

Key idea

Hire purchase total = deposit + (monthly instalment × number of months). Interest charged = total paid − cash price. Loan simple interest: I = P × r × t. A credit-card charge is the interest rate applied to the unpaid balance.

Hire purchase

In hire purchase you pay a deposit first, then fixed monthly instalments. The total you pay is usually more than the cash price, and the extra is the interest charged for spreading out payment.

Worked example

A phone costs RM1100 cash. On hire purchase you pay a RM200 deposit and 12 monthly instalments of RM90. Total paid = 200 + (12 × 90) = 200 + 1080 = RM1280. Interest charged = 1280 − 1100 = RM180. So buying on credit costs RM180 extra.

Managing credit wisely

Credit cards charge interest on any unpaid balance. On a RM800 balance at 1.5% per month, the interest is 800 × 0.015 = RM12. Paying the balance in full avoids this. Comparing the cash price with the credit total shows the true cost of borrowing.

Remember

  • Hire purchase total = deposit + all instalments.
  • Interest charged = amount paid − cash price.
  • Unpaid card balances grow through interest, so pay on time.

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