Two categories of energy
An energy resource is a material that produces energy for human use. It is divided into two broad groups based on whether it can be replaced within a short time or not.
Key idea
Renewable = always available and never runs out. Non-renewable = limited and will be used up if consumed continuously.
Renewable energy
- Hydroelectric — power from waterfalls/dams such as Bakun and Kenyir.
- Solar — sunlight converted to electricity by photovoltaic panels.
- Wind — wind turbines spin generators.
- Biomass — agricultural waste such as oil-palm residue turned into energy.
- Geothermal — heat from within the Earth.
Non-renewable energy
Fossil fuels form from the remains of ancient organisms buried for millions of years: petroleum, natural gas and coal. Malaysia is rich in petroleum and natural gas off Terengganu and Sabah-Sarawak, managed by PETRONAS. These resources cause air pollution and greenhouse gases, and will run out one day. The country therefore encourages a shift to cleaner, more sustainable renewable energy.