Preservation versus conservation
Preservation means protecting natural vegetation and wildlife in their original state without exploiting them, such as keeping virgin forest reserves untouched. Conservation means managing and using resources wisely and sustainably so they remain available for future generations.
Key idea
Preservation = protect without use. Conservation = use wisely and continuously.
Main measures
- Enforcing laws — the National Forestry Act 1984 and Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 punish illegal logging and poaching.
- Gazetting areas — declaring forest reserves, national parks and wildlife sanctuaries such as Taman Negara Pahang and the Endau-Rompin sanctuary.
- Reforestation — replanting trees in logged areas (silviculture).
- Selective logging — only mature trees are felled so the forest can regenerate.
- Environmental education and campaigns — raising public awareness.
Role of agencies
The Forestry Department and the Department of Wildlife (PERHILITAN) manage forests and wildlife. In-situ conservation protects species in their original habitat (national parks), while ex-situ conservation keeps species outside their habitat, such as in zoos and botanical gardens. Combined efforts by government, NGOs and the community are essential to secure environmental sustainability.