Impacts of economic activity
Uncontrolled economic activity harms the environment. These include deforestation from logging and land clearing, air and water pollution from industry, and soil erosion in bare areas.
Remember
Development must be balanced with environmental conservation (sustainable development).
Measures to reduce impact
- Enforcing laws — the Environmental Quality Act 1974 controls industrial pollution discharge.
- Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) — a compulsory study before major projects proceed.
- Green technology — sewage treatment plants, smoke filters and clean energy.
- Reforestation and terracing — replanting trees and building terraces to reduce erosion.
- Recycling and waste management — reducing waste discharge.
- Environmental education — raising public awareness.
Importance
These measures ensure natural resources are conserved while economic development continues. Cooperation among government, industry and community is vital to achieve sustainable development that balances economic, social and environmental needs for present and future generations.