Form 4 · Chapter 4

Special Journals

Explore the four special journals and the source documents used to record credit transactions.

Special journals group frequent, similar transactions so the ledger is not filled with repeated entries. There are four main special journals.

The four special journals

  • Sales Journal — credit sales of goods (document: sales invoice).
  • Purchases Journal — credit purchases of goods (document: purchase invoice).
  • Returns Inwards Journal — sales returns (document: credit note issued).
  • Returns Outwards Journal — purchases returns (document: debit note / credit note received).

Key idea

The total of a special journal is posted in one go to the related account in the ledger; individual customer/supplier accounts are posted one by one.

Sales Journal example

DateCustomerAmount (RM)
3 MaySinar Store1,200
9 MayMs Rani800
Transferred to Sales account2,000

The total of RM2,000 is posted to the credit of the Sales account; each customer is debited in their own account (Sinar Store RM1,200, Rani RM800).

Example

Goods worth RM150 are returned by a customer. This is recorded in the Returns Inwards Journal from the credit note issued.

Advantages of special journals

Special journals divide the accounting work so several clerks can work at once, group similar transactions, and make it easy to total figures for posting in bulk. The dual posting rule is followed: the journal total is posted to a control account or to the income/expense account, while the individual accounts of customers or suppliers are posted one by one to the related ledger.

Remember

Special journals record CREDIT transactions only — cash transactions go into the Cash Book.

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