Computer Science
SPM · 19 topics available
Form 4
Chapter 1 · Programming
Problem-Solving Strategy
Before writing any program, a programmer must clearly understand the problem and plan a solution in a structured way using the input-process-output model and decomposition.
OpenAlgorithms
An algorithm is an ordered set of steps for solving a problem, and it can be represented using pseudocode or a flowchart before being turned into program code.
OpenVariables, Constants and Data Types
Programs store data in variables and constants, and every value has a particular data type such as integer, decimal number, string or boolean.
OpenControl Structures
Control structures determine the order in which instructions in a program are executed, through sequence, selection and repetition.
OpenProgramming Best Practices
Best practices such as comments, meaningful names, indentation and debugging make code easier to understand, maintain and keep free of errors.
OpenData Structures and Modularity
Arrays store many values under one name, while functions and modular design break a program into small, reusable parts.
OpenApplication Development
Application development follows orderly phases — analysis, design, coding, testing and documentation — to produce a working and reliable program.
OpenChapter 2 · Databases
Relational Databases
A relational database stores related data in tables so that information is easy to search, update and share without excessive duplication.
OpenRelational Database Design
Good design uses primary keys and foreign keys to link tables, and reduces redundancy through the basics of normalisation.
OpenRelational Database Development
After design, we create tables and use the SQL language to insert, search and filter data through queries.
OpenDatabase System Development
A complete database system combines tables, forms, queries and reports, and is then tested to make sure it works correctly.
OpenChapter 3 · Human-Computer Interaction
Human-Computer Interaction
Human-computer interaction studies how people communicate with computers through the user interface, and why usability matters.
OpenInteraction Design
Interaction design focuses on the user experience through principles such as consistency, feedback and user-centred design.
OpenDisplay and Screen Design
Good screen design lays out content neatly, uses colour and navigation wisely, and takes accessibility into account.
OpenForm 5
Chapter 1 · Computing
Computers and Their Impact
Computers transform how society works, communicates and learns, but they also raise issues such as the digital divide, cyber security and intellectual property.
OpenComputer Architecture
Computer architecture describes how the processing unit, memory and input/output devices work together to process data represented in binary.
OpenLogic Gates
Logic gates are the basic building blocks of digital circuits that take binary inputs (0 and 1) and produce an output based on a particular logical operation.
OpenChapter 2 · Advanced Databases
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