A determined anti-cession movement
Unlike in Sabah, the cession of Sarawak met strong local resistance, led mainly by the Malay community. Opponents believed the cession betrayed the Brooke pledge of eventual self-government and had been pushed through improperly.
Key idea
Sarawak's anti-cession movement was one of the most intense reactions to colonial rule in Borneo, showing rising nationalism.
Forms of protest
- Malay associations such as the Malay National Union of Sarawak (PKMS) campaigned against the cession.
- About 338 Malay civil servants resigned in 1946 rather than serve the colonial government.
- A secret youth movement called Rukun 13 was formed to resist the cession.
The assassination of the Governor
The movement reached its climax on 3 December 1949, when the second Governor, Sir Duncan Stewart, was stabbed during a visit to Sibu by Rosli Dhoby, a member of Rukun 13. The Governor later died of his wounds. Rosli Dhoby and several companions were arrested, tried and executed in 1950. The British responded with tighter control, but the episode became a symbol of Sarawak nationalism.
Remember
- Resistance led mainly by the Malay community.
- 338 civil servants resigned in protest (1946).
- Secret movement: Rukun 13.
- Sir Duncan Stewart assassinated by Rosli Dhoby in Sibu, 3 December 1949.