Chapter 4

Foreign Powers Step In

One by one, the Portuguese, Dutch and British took control of our land.

The first colonisers

The first Europeans to conquer part of Tanah Melayu were the Portuguese, who captured Melaka in 1511. Later the Dutch took Melaka in 1641. Then came the British, who slowly became the strongest power.

How the British came in

The British began by taking key ports:

  • Penang, 1786 — taken by Francis Light.
  • Singapore, 1819 — obtained by Stamford Raffles.
  • Melaka, 1824 — given to Britain by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty.

In 1874, the Pangkor Treaty let the British place a Resident in Perak, starting British control of the Malay states.

Key idea

Foreign powers interfered mainly to control the land's wealth, especially tin, and its trade routes.

Remember

  • Portuguese took Melaka in 1511.
  • Dutch took Melaka in 1641.
  • Pangkor Treaty was signed in 1874.

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