Every state has a head
Malaysia has 13 states, and each one has its own head of state. In nine states the head is a Malay Ruler. Most are called Sultan (for example the Sultan of Selangor), while some have special titles such as the Raja of Perlis and the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan.
States led by a Governor
The other four states do not have a Ruler. Instead they are led by a Yang di-Pertua Negeri (a Governor). These four states are:
| Melaka | Pulau Pinang |
| Sabah | Sarawak |
A Governor is appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. Whether a Ruler or a Governor, the head of state is respected as a symbol of the state and its people.
Remember
- 9 states have a Malay Ruler (Sultan, Raja or Yang di-Pertuan Besar).
- 4 states have a Governor (Yang di-Pertua Negeri): Melaka, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak.