Science
Form 1 · 38 topics available
Chapter 1 · Introduction to Scientific Investigation
Science is Part of Daily Life
Science explains the world around us and helps us solve everyday problems, from cooking food to using a phone.
OpenYour Science Laboratory
A laboratory is a special room for doing experiments safely. Knowing its rules and apparatus keeps everyone safe.
OpenPhysical Quantities and Their Units
A physical quantity is anything that can be measured, and every quantity has a standard unit to describe its size.
OpenMeasuring Instruments: Accuracy, Consistency, Sensitivity and Errors
Good measuring instruments give readings that are accurate, consistent and sensitive, while we work to reduce errors.
OpenDensity
Density tells us how much mass is packed into a certain volume, and it explains why some objects float or sink.
OpenSteps in a Scientific Investigation
A scientific investigation follows clear steps, from asking a question to making a conclusion, to find reliable answers.
OpenScientific Attitudes and Values in Investigations
Good scientists show honest, careful and open-minded attitudes so their work is fair, safe and trustworthy.
OpenChapter 2 · Cell as the Basic Unit of Life
Cell Structure, Function and Organisation
Every living thing is made of tiny cells. Learn the parts of animal and plant cells and how cells build up an organism.
OpenCell Respiration and Photosynthesis
Cells release energy through respiration, and green plants make their own food through photosynthesis. Learn how these two processes work.
OpenChapter 3 · Homeostasis in Living Things
Chapter 4 · Reproduction
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
Living things make new living things through reproduction. Learn the two main types: sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.
OpenHuman Reproductive System
The male and female reproductive systems produce sex cells and make new life possible. Learn their main parts and jobs.
OpenMenstrual Cycle
Each month a female body prepares for a possible pregnancy. Learn the simple stages of the menstrual cycle.
OpenFertilisation and Pregnancy
When a sperm joins an ovum, a new life begins. Learn how fertilisation happens and how a baby grows during pregnancy.
OpenFactors Affecting the Development of a Foetus and Baby
A mother's health and habits affect her growing baby. Learn which factors help a foetus develop well and which can harm it.
OpenInfertility and Contraception
Some couples find it hard to have a baby, while others plan when to have children. Learn about infertility and contraception.
OpenPlant Reproduction
Flowering plants make seeds through pollination and fertilisation. Learn how pollen reaches the ovule and how a seed forms.
OpenChapter 5 · Matter
Chapter 6 · Periodic Table
Classification of Elements
Elements are the basic substances of matter. Learn how the Periodic Table sorts them into metals and non-metals.
OpenMixtures
A mixture contains two or more substances that are not chemically joined. Learn what mixtures are and how to separate them.
OpenCompounds
A compound forms when elements join chemically in a fixed ratio. See how compounds differ from mixtures.
OpenChapter 7 · Air
Composition of Air
Air is a mixture of gases. Nitrogen and oxygen make up most of it, with small amounts of other gases.
OpenCombustion
Combustion is burning: a fuel reacts quickly with oxygen and releases heat and light.
OpenAir Pollution
Air pollution happens when harmful gases and particles enter the air, harming health and the environment.
OpenChapter 8 · Light and Optics
The Use of Mirrors
Mirrors reflect light to form images. Plane, concave and convex mirrors have different uses.
OpenProperties of Light
Light travels in straight lines, can be reflected, refracted and forms shadows.
OpenReflection of Light
Reflection is when light bounces off a surface. The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
OpenRefraction of Light
Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one material to another of different density.
OpenDispersion of Light
Dispersion is the splitting of white light into its seven colours, as in a rainbow.
OpenScattering of Light
Scattering is when light spreads in many directions after hitting tiny particles, making the sky blue.
OpenAddition and Subtraction of Light
Coloured lights add together, while coloured pigments subtract colours by absorbing them.
OpenChapter 9 · Earth
The System and Structure of the Earth
The Earth is made of connected systems and layered structures that work together to support life.
OpenComposition of the Earth
The Earth is built from rocks and minerals, arranged in layers of different materials and densities.
OpenMain Processes of the Earth
The Earth is always changing through processes like weathering, erosion, the water cycle and the rock cycle.
OpenGeohazard Phenomena
Geohazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides are natural events that can threaten people and property.
OpenAge of the Earth
Scientists estimate the Earth is about 4.6 billion years old, using rock layers and fossils as clues.
OpenEarths Resources and Applied Geology
The Earth provides resources like minerals, fuels and water; applied geology helps us use them wisely.
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