History
Form 2 · 26 topics available
Chapter 1 · Kingdoms of the Malay World
The Concept of the Malay World
The Malay World (Alam Melayu) is the vast Southeast Asian region that shares Malay language, custom and heritage.
OpenThe Emergence of Kingdoms in the Malay World
Small villages in the Malay World grew into kingdoms thanks to rivers, trade routes and farming.
OpenFamous Kingdoms of the Malay World
Srivijaya, Kedah Tua and Langkasuka were famous early kingdoms that made the Malay World a hub of trade.
OpenMalay World Kingdoms and Contemporary Foreign Kingdoms
Malay World kingdoms linked with China and India through trade, tribute and cultural exchange.
OpenChapter 2 · Government and Economy of the Malay Kingdoms
Chapter 3 · Socioculture of the Malay Kingdom Society
Language and Writing
Discover how Malay became the language of trade, and how writing grew from ancient Indian scripts to the Jawi script after Islam.
OpenLiterature and Written Tradition
Explore the rich world of Malay literature, from spoken pantun and folk tales to famous works like the Sejarah Melayu.
OpenArchitecture
See how the Malay World built stilt houses, grand palaces, ancient candi and mosques suited to climate and faith.
OpenSocial Structure
Learn how Malay society was arranged like a pyramid, from the sultan at the top to the rakyat and hamba below.
OpenChapter 4 · Religion, Belief and Heritage of the Malay Kingdom Society
Religion and Belief
Trace how beliefs in the Malay World changed from animism to Hinduism-Buddhism, and then to Islam.
OpenThe Uniqueness of the Heritage of Malay Kingdom Society
Explore the language, Jawi script, literature, adat, architecture and religion that make the Malay kingdoms' heritage unique.
OpenChapter 5 · The Melaka Sultanate
The Founder of the Melaka Sultanate
Meet Parameswara, the prince who founded Melaka around 1400, and learn why the site became a great trading port.
OpenThe Glory of the Melaka Sultanate
Discover how a strong government, fair laws, entrepot trade and wise diplomacy brought Melaka its golden age.
OpenThe End of the Melaka Sultanate
Learn how the Portuguese conquered Melaka in 1511, why the kingdom fell, and what followed its collapse.
OpenChapter 6 · The Johor-Riau Sultanate
The Founding of the Johor-Riau Sultanate
See how the Melaka royal line lived on in 1528 to found the Johor-Riau Sultanate and continue its legacy.
OpenThe Glory of the Johor-Riau Sultanate
How Johor-Riau rose as Melaka's heir to become a rich trading power and the cradle of the standard Malay language.
OpenChapter 7 · The Sultanates of Pahang, Perak, Terengganu and Selangor
The Founding of the Pahang, Perak, Terengganu and Selangor Sultanates
How four peninsular sultanates were founded, tracing their rulers to the Melaka, Johor-Riau and Bugis royal worlds.
OpenThe Legacy of the Melaka Malay Sultanate in Pahang, Perak, Terengganu and Selangor
How Melaka's government, laws, Islam, Malay language and royal customs lived on in four peninsular sultanates.
OpenChapter 8 · The Kingdoms of Kedah, Kelantan, Negeri Sembilan and Perlis
The Founding of the Kingdoms of Kedah, Kelantan, Negeri Sembilan and Perlis
The very different origins of four Malay states, from ancient Kedah to the Minangkabau of Negeri Sembilan and the birth of Perlis.
OpenThe Relations of the Kingdoms of Kedah, Kelantan, Negeri Sembilan and Perlis with Other Malay States
How four Malay kingdoms built ties through trade, royal marriages, protection and tribute such as the bunga emas.
OpenChapter 9 · Heritage of the Kingdoms of Kedah, Kelantan, Negeri Sembilan and Perlis
The Heritage of the Kingdoms of Kedah, Kelantan and Perlis
Explore three northern Malay states: ancient Kedah, craft-rich Kelantan, and tiny Perlis led by a Raja.
OpenThe Uniqueness of the Customs and Government of Negeri Sembilan
Discover Negeri Sembilan's matrilineal Adat Perpatih and its unique elected ruler, the Yang di-Pertuan Besar.
OpenChapter 10 · Sarawak and Sabah
The Emergence of Local Government in Sarawak and Sabah
Learn how Sarawak and Sabah communities governed themselves under local chiefs, within the reach of the Brunei and Sulu sultanates.
OpenThe Economic Activities of the People of Sarawak and Sabah
Explore how Sarawak and Sabah communities lived by farming, fishing, sago, forest products and trade.
OpenThe Uniqueness of the Bumiputera Communities of Sarawak and Sabah
Meet the diverse bumiputera peoples of Sarawak and Sabah, their longhouses, festivals, dances and crafts.
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