Science
Form 3 · 33 topics available
Chapter 1 · Stimuli and Responses
The Human Nervous System
Meet the brain, spinal cord and neurons that carry impulses and control everything your body does.
OpenStimulus and Response in Humans
How receptors, neurons and effectors turn a stimulus into a response, and why reflexes keep you safe.
OpenPlant Stimulus and Response
Plants respond by growing. Learn phototropism, geotropism and how auxin bends stems and roots.
OpenThe Importance of Responses to Stimuli in Other Animals
From escaping predators to migration, see how responding to stimuli keeps animals alive.
OpenChapter 2 · Respiration
Human Respiratory System
Trace air from nose to alveoli and see how the diaphragm and ribs make you breathe in and out.
OpenThe Movement and Exchange of Gases in The Human Body
See how oxygen and carbon dioxide swap by diffusion at the alveoli and body cells, carried by haemoglobin.
OpenThe Health of the Human Respiratory System
How smoking, disease and polluted air damage the lungs, and the habits that keep the respiratory system healthy.
OpenThe Adaptation In The Respiratory System
How alveoli and the breathing organs of fish, insects and amphibians are adapted for fast, efficient gas exchange.
OpenThe Gas Exchange In Plants
How plants exchange gases through stomata and lenticels, and how day and night change which gases move in and out.
OpenChapter 3 · Transportation
Transport System in Organisms
Why big organisms need transport systems, and how xylem, phloem and the human circulatory system move substances.
OpenBlood Circulatory System
The four-chambered heart, the three kinds of blood vessels, and how double circulation moves blood around the body.
OpenHuman Blood
The four parts of blood, how red cells carry oxygen with haemoglobin, and how white cells, platelets and blood groups work.
OpenTransport System in Plants
How xylem and phloem carry water, minerals and food through a plant, driven by the transpiration pull.
OpenBlood Circulatory System in Animals and Transport System in Plants
Comparing the animal blood circulatory system, driven by the heart, with the plant transport system of xylem and phloem.
OpenChapter 4 · Reactivity of Metals
Variety of Minerals
How metals occur in the Earth's crust as minerals and ores, and why their chemical form matters.
OpenReactivity Series of Metals
Ordering metals from most to least reactive, and using displacement reactions as evidence of the series.
OpenExtraction of Metals from Its Ore
How metals are freed from their ores by reduction with carbon or by electrolysis, depending on reactivity.
OpenChapter 5 · Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
Chapter 6 · Electricity and Magnetism
Generation of Electricity
How moving magnets and coils turn kinetic energy into the electricity that powers our homes.
OpenTransformer
The device that raises or lowers alternating voltage using two coils and a shared iron core.
OpenTransmission and Distribution of Electricity
Why electricity travels across the country at very high voltage before reaching our homes.
OpenCalculating The Cost of Electricity Consumption
Working out an electricity bill using power ratings, kilowatt-hours and the tariff rate.
OpenChapter 7 · Energy and Power
Work, Energy and Power
How force, distance and time link the three ideas of work, energy and power.
OpenPotential Energy and Kinetic Energy
The energy stored by height and the energy of movement, and how one changes into the other.
OpenPrinciple of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another; the total energy always stays the same.
OpenChapter 8 · Radioactivity
Discovery of Radioactivity
Radioactivity was discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1896 when uranium fogged a photographic plate without any light.
OpenAtom and Nucleus
An atom has a tiny central nucleus of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons; the nucleus holds almost all of the mass.
OpenIonising and Non-ionising Radiation
Ionising radiation such as alpha, beta, gamma and X-rays can knock electrons off atoms; non-ionising radiation cannot.
OpenUses of Radioactive Radiation
Radioactive radiation is used in medicine, industry, agriculture and archaeology, such as treating cancer and dating old objects.
OpenChapter 9 · Space Weather
Activities of the Sun that Affect the Earth
Solar activities like sunspots, flares, prominences and the solar wind release energy and particles that can reach and affect the Earth.
OpenSpace Weather
How the Sun's activity — solar wind, flares and storms — affects Earth's satellites, communications and power grids.
OpenChapter 10 · Space Exploration
Development in Astronomy
How astronomy grew from naked-eye sky-watching to telescopes, and how ideas about the universe changed over time.
OpenDevelopment of Technology and Their Application in Space Exploration
How rockets, satellites, probes and space stations were developed, and how they serve communication, weather and navigation.
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