Business Studies
IGCSE · 25 topics available
Chapter 1 · Understanding Business Activity
Business Activity and Opportunity Cost
How scarcity forces choices, why opportunity cost matters, and how firms add value.
OpenClassification of Businesses
How firms are grouped into primary, secondary and tertiary sectors, and public versus private ownership.
OpenEnterprise, Business Growth and Size
What entrepreneurs do, how to measure a firm's size, and the ways businesses grow.
OpenTypes of Business Organisation
Sole traders, partnerships and limited companies, and the meaning of limited and unlimited liability.
OpenBusiness Objectives and Stakeholders
The goals businesses pursue and the groups with an interest in them, whose needs can conflict.
OpenChapter 2 · People in Business
Motivating Employees
Why motivation matters and the theories and methods used to encourage staff to work well.
OpenOrganisation and Management
Organisational structures, span of control, delegation and the main leadership styles.
OpenRecruitment, Selection and Training
How a business attracts, chooses and develops the right employees using recruitment, selection and training.
OpenInternal and External Communication
How messages pass inside and outside a business, and why clear communication and feedback matter.
OpenChapter 3 · Marketing
Marketing, Competition and the Customer
Why marketing matters, how businesses meet customer needs, and how they compete for market share.
OpenMarket Research
How businesses collect and use primary and secondary data to understand customers and markets.
OpenThe Marketing Mix: Product and Price
The first two Ps of the marketing mix: designing products and choosing pricing methods that suit the market.
OpenThe Marketing Mix: Place and Promotion
The last two Ps: getting products to customers through distribution channels and promoting them effectively.
OpenMarketing Strategy
How businesses plan a coordinated marketing mix, obey legal controls and enter new and international markets.
OpenChapter 4 · Operations Management
Production of Goods and Services
How businesses turn inputs into outputs, add value, raise productivity and choose job, batch or flow production.
OpenCosts, Scale of Production and Break-Even
Fixed and variable costs, contribution, the break-even point, and how economies of scale affect average cost.
OpenAchieving Quality Production
Why quality matters and how quality control, quality assurance and TQM help a business meet customer standards.
OpenChapter 5 · Financial Information and Decisions
Business Finance: Needs and Sources
Why businesses need short- and long-term finance, and the internal and external sources they can use.
OpenCash Flow Forecasting and Working Capital
Cash inflows and outflows, net cash flow, forecasting, and why working capital keeps a business running.
OpenIncome Statements
How an income statement reports revenue, cost of sales, gross profit, expenses and profit for the year.
OpenStatement of Financial Position
How the statement of financial position lists assets, liabilities and capital, and why Assets = Liabilities + Capital.
OpenAnalysis of Accounts
Using profitability and liquidity ratios to interpret a firm's financial statements.
OpenChapter 6 · External Influences on Business Activity
Economic Issues
How the business cycle, inflation, unemployment, taxes and interest rates affect businesses.
OpenEnvironmental and Ethical Issues
How externalities, sustainability, ethics and social responsibility shape business decisions.
OpenBusiness and the International Economy
Globalisation, multinationals, exchange rates and tariffs and how they affect businesses.
OpenNeed help with Business Studies? A verified JomKelas tutor can guide you through any topic.
Find a verified tutor