Physics
Form 5 · 25 topics available
Chapter 1 · Force and Motion II
Resultant Force
The resultant force is the single force that has the same effect as two or more forces acting together on an object.
OpenResolution of Forces
Resolution of forces is the process of splitting a single force into two perpendicular components, usually horizontal and vertical.
OpenForces in Equilibrium
An object is in equilibrium when the resultant force acting on it is zero, so it stays at rest or moves at constant velocity.
OpenElasticity
Elasticity is the property of a material that allows it to return to its original shape after the stretching or compressing force is removed.
OpenChapter 2 · Pressure
Liquid Pressure
Liquid pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid due to its weight, which increases with depth and density.
OpenAtmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of the column of air above a surface.
OpenGas Pressure
Gas pressure is the pressure exerted by gas molecules colliding with the walls of their container.
OpenPascal's Principle
Pascal's principle states that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid.
OpenArchimedes' Principle
Archimedes' principle states that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid equals the weight of the fluid it displaces.
OpenBernoulli's Principle
Bernoulli's principle states that where the speed of a moving fluid is higher, the pressure it exerts is lower.
OpenChapter 3 · Electricity
Current and Potential Difference
Electric current is the rate of flow of charge, while potential difference is the energy transferred per unit charge across a component.
OpenResistance
Resistance measures how strongly a component opposes the flow of electric current, and is defined by Ohm's law as the ratio of potential difference to current.
OpenElectromotive Force and Internal Resistance
Electromotive force is the total energy a source gives each coulomb of charge, while internal resistance causes a voltage drop inside the source when current flows.
OpenElectrical Energy and Power
Electrical energy is the total energy transferred by a current, and electrical power is the rate at which that energy is converted in a component.
OpenChapter 4 · Electromagnetism
Force on a Current-carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field
A current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a force whose direction is given by Fleming's left-hand rule.
OpenElectromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction is the production of an electromotive force in a conductor whenever the magnetic flux linking it changes.
OpenTransformer
A transformer uses electromagnetic induction to step alternating voltage up or down according to the ratio of turns on its two coils.
OpenChapter 5 · Electronics
Electrons
Electrons are tiny negatively charged particles that can be freed from a hot metal and steered by electric fields, the basis of electronics.
OpenSemiconductor Diode
A semiconductor diode lets current flow in one direction only, which makes it ideal for turning alternating current into direct current.
OpenTransistor
A transistor is a three-terminal semiconductor device that can act as an electronic switch or amplify a small current into a larger one.
OpenChapter 6 · Nuclear Physics
Chapter 7 · Quantum Physics
Quantum Theory of Light
The quantum theory of light says that light energy comes in tiny packets called photons, each carrying energy E = hf.
OpenPhotoelectric Effect
The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a metal surface when light of high enough frequency shines on it.
OpenEinstein's Photoelectric Theory
Einstein explained the photoelectric effect by saying one photon gives all its energy to one electron, described by hf = W₀ + KEmax.
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