Biology

IGCSE · 21 topics available

Chapter 1 · Characteristics and Classification of Living Organisms

Characteristics and Classification of Living Organisms

The seven characteristics of living things (MRS GREN) and how organisms are classified and named — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 2 · Organisation of the Organism

Organisation of the Organism

How cells build up into tissues, organs, systems and organisms, and specialised cells — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 3 · Movement into and out of Cells

Movement into and out of Cells

Diffusion, osmosis and active transport — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 4 · Biological Molecules

Biological Molecules

Carbohydrates, proteins and fats, and the food tests for them — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 5 · Enzymes

Enzymes

Enzymes as biological catalysts, and how temperature and pH affect them — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 6 · Plant Nutrition

Plant Nutrition

Photosynthesis — how green plants make food using light — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 7 · Human Nutrition

Human Nutrition

A balanced diet, digestion and the absorption of nutrients — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 8 · Transport in Plants

Transport in Plants

Xylem, phloem, transpiration and translocation — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 9 · Transport in Animals

Transport in Animals

The heart, blood vessels and blood cells in the circulatory system — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 10 · Diseases and Immunity

Diseases and Immunity

Pathogens, how disease spreads, and how the body defends itself — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 11 · Gas Exchange in Humans

Gas Exchange in Humans

How the lungs and alveoli exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 12 · Respiration

Respiration

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration and how cells release energy — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 13 · Excretion in Humans

Excretion in Humans

How the kidneys remove waste from the blood to form urine — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 14 · Coordination and Response

Coordination and Response

The nervous system, hormones and reflexes — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 15 · Drugs

Drugs

Medical and misused drugs, antibiotics, and the effects of alcohol and tobacco — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 16 · Reproduction

Reproduction

Asexual and sexual reproduction, pollination and fertilisation — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 17 · Inheritance

Inheritance

Genes, DNA, chromosomes, and dominant and recessive alleles — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 18 · Variation and Selection

Variation and Selection

Continuous and discontinuous variation, and natural selection — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 19 · Organisms and their Environment

Organisms and their Environment

Food chains, food webs and energy flow through ecosystems — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 20 · Human Influences on Ecosystems

Human Influences on Ecosystems

How pollution and deforestation harm ecosystems, and how conservation helps — with an interactive exercise.

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Chapter 21 · Biotechnology and Genetic Modification

Biotechnology and Genetic Modification

Using microorganisms in industry and genetically modifying organisms — with an interactive exercise.

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